Hydraulic impulse turbine



Mrii, 1926. 1,575,512

P. W. SEEWER HYDRAULIC IMPULSE TURBIN Filed Nov. l5, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ma M 5 1:5 #www March 2 192e. 1 1,575,512

P. w. SE1-:WER

HYDRAULIC IMPULSE TURBINE Filed Nov. l5, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2I MM5/W0@ I Taal, N Sewe @y SLM March 2 ,A 1926.

www@ Paul W 'ewer Zizame'yx l Patented lidar. Z, 1926.

UNITED PAUL WERNER sEEwEE, or LoNnoN, ENGLAND, AssIe-Noa To THE ENGLISH ELEG-- TRIO COMPANY LIMITED, OF LONDON,'IE'NGLANIKD,v A BRITISH COMPANY.

HYDRAULIC IMPULSETURBINE. c

Application led November 15', 1922. Serial' No. 601,122.

T all whom zi may concern:

Be it known that I., PAUL VERNER SEEWER, a citizen of the Swiss Confederation, residing at London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Impulse Turbines, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to hydraulic turbines of the tree jet impulse type and deals particularly with the runners ot such turbines, with theobj ect of producing a turbine of relatively high speciiic speed and oic rela- Y ltively small size for a. givenA output'. In

Yproceeding towards this end there is provided, in accordance with this invention, va`

form of runner adapted to work efhciently with a lower -ratio between .the mean diameter of the wheel and that of the jet than usual. For instance, this ratio may have the value six. y t y A runner constructed in accordance with the invention departsv from what is `now recognized as standard practicebotli in regard to the forni of the buckets and that of the body of the wheel and the relative `disposition ot these parts. The body of `the wheel is formed so that iii radial section it shows a central sha-rp edge from which the sides curve symmetrically radially inward and axially outward until they lie approximately parallel with the axis oit the shatt. The curvature may be continued in the same sense past these points, in some cases. These curved sidesgtorm concave surfaces against which the radially inner parts ot the buckets t. j

The buckets in. the central part do` not kproject radially outward beyond the edge ot the body of the wheel. Accordingly, they do not. present a central dividing edge or splitter to the jet. The place of this is taken by the edge ot the wheel which divides the jetand deflects the two parts laterally to the buckets. Y t v The buckets do not begin to extend radially outward beyond this central` edge until points displaced laterally vfrom this edge by distances equal to the radius of the jet have been passed. Beyond these points, outward extensions are formed ot a size and shape sutlicient to provide `:for the desired degree of completion of the transfer of energy to the wheel `from thoseparts of the jet which are the last to enter the buckets. The 'side parts of-the buckets have the general form ot the lusual oval bowl with the edges directed so as to discharge the jet in direc-` tions relative to the moving bucket approxi-` mately opposite to the direction of motion.

of the bucket. The central parts et thev buckets are formed as inclined surfaces extending from the bottoml of the' bowls to the adjacent parts of the body of the wheel so as to receive the water from this body and continue its lateral deflection.

The' buckets are arranged clos-e together TIO assumed that the runner is symmetrical i about a' central plane. `It is, however, to be understood that the invention is also applicable to the case where the runner is onesided, that is where the construction of the `runner'corresponds to the part onone side of the central plane ot a symmetrical runner. In such a case the general characteristics of the construction would be the same asin the symmetrical case, relativeproportions being modilied, where necessary, toallow for the changed conditions, notably that the whole of thejet is directed so as to strike the runner at one side of the plane of the edge instead of being divided by that edge.

Methods "of construction 4suitable for the improved runner will now be described by `way of example withreference to Figures 1 r Fgi ure l shows an end viewandythreev buckets` vonly of a runner wheel looking towards the sides of the buckets, certain interrupted lines toe of the accompanying drawings.

beingshown toindicate more clearlythe shape of the buckets. The buckets are spaced as shown continuously around the wheel. Figure 2 shows a radial section through the body part ot the wheel, for example on the line m of Figure l, and a viewof the pair of uppermost buckets in Figure 1 (one bucket being on each side of the central splitting edge of the body) lookingin the direction of the arrow andassumiiigthat all buckets hiding this viewhavebeen` removed. Figure 3 is a perspective-viewot a complete runner of the kind shown in Figures l and 2. Figure 4 is al iadialsection and view similarto Figure 2 of a modified orinot construction.

' Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3 where the same parts are indicated by the same numerals, the body 1 of the runner wheel is mounted upon the shaft 2 and the body has a central sharp edge 8 from which the Sides curve symmetrically radially inward and axially outward forming concave surfaces until at the edges 4` they have passed somewhat beyond parallelism with the axis of the shaft. The buckets 5 which are first formed separately and preferably of the same material, such Las bronze, as the body 1, are cast into these concave surfaces of the i body 1 in such a manner .that their inner i the body.

surfaces-blend with the said concave surfaces of the body thus forming continuous smooth surfaces for the action of the water.

The front edges of the buckets are shown by 10 and their rearmost contour lines by 6 and the corresponding' inner lines by the interrupted lines 7. The lines 8 represent the radially outer contour lines of the buckets which blend together at the edge 3 of Areas of junction between the body material andthe buckets are shown at 9 and the diameter and direction of kthe impinging jet of water are indicated by 11. The water flows out from the buckets at the edges 10 between limiting lines Such as shown at 12 and an idea of the space available for the outflowing water can be obtained from an examination of Figures 2 and 3. Supporting rings 13 for reinforcing the buckets are cast around the outer peripheries of the latter and connected therewith as shown. These rings may be c ast when the body vand buckets are being cast together by leading themolten metal through suitable ducts into moulds formed in the sand in the required positions. The modications in the form of construction shown in Figure 4 are introduced more particularly to allow the buckets to be so ,shaped that the outlowing water may leave them without interruption in a direction which is more radial to the runner wheel than is possible in the construction shown in Figure 1. Similar parts in Figures 1 and 4 are indicated by the same numerals and in Figure 4 it will be observed that the supporting and reinforcing rings 13 are placed nearer to the center line of the body and that the shape ofv their edges adjacent to the buckets conforms to the contour line ofv the .edgesl of the buckets, and thus the outow of the water, although it may take place in part near these rings, will not be interfered with by them. j

From the drawings taken in conjunction with the preceding description-will be seen that certain dimensional relations previously referred to are obtained. i

The :radialV outer edges S'of the `buckets dofnot extend radially outward beyond the edge 3 of the body until they have extended the centre li-ne of the jet isa tangent. is

not greater than the diameter of the full jet.

The bottom o'f the bowl of any one bucket is seen to lie inside the plane of the outer edge v10 of the next bucket.

The deflection of the streams into which the jet is broken is effected in the first place by the side of the body adjacent the edge 3, from which it passes on to parts ofY the buckets which may be regarded as vanes or ribs projecting from the body, and which lead the water into the bowls of the buckets in which the main part of the tangential component of motion of the water relative to the runner is reversed.

From the preceding description it will have been noted as a feature of the invention thatk the runner structure may be consideredy as dividedby planes parallel .with

the plane of the central edge 3 into inner I and outer parts, the inner part being equal in width to the full width of the jet of water. This inner part being the regionin which the water from the jetA enters the runner, may be spoken of as the zone of entry, and it comprises the radially outer part of the body and the vanes or ribs projectmg therefrom. The outer part, namely,

the region outside the lzone of entry, com` pulse turbine comprising a body formed as a solid of revolution .having an outeredge and a side curving radially inward and away from the vplane of the Said edge so as to show in radial section a concave face, buckets fitting on this face and extending laterallyV therefrom, the said bucketsy remaining within the radius of the said edge for a distance equal kto theV width of the Zone of entry of the water to the runner and extending outside that radius at parts where the water flows out fromthern.

2. A runner for a free jet hydraulic impulse turbine comprising a body formed as a solid of revolution having an outer `edge and a side extending radially inwardk and away from the vplane of said edge so as to deflect axially the jet of water which strikes the body, vanes projecting from the .said side so as to continue the deection of the water, bowls forming continuations of vsaid varies and receiving the water therefrom, said bowls having their lateral edges, over which the outflowof the water takes place, extending radially outside of the outer edge of the said body.

3. A runner for a free jet hydraulic impulse turbine comprising a body and bowl shaped buckets mounted thereon, the pitch of the buckets being as a maximum equal to the diameter of the full jet of water, this pitch being measured on a circle about the axis of the runner to which circle the centre line of the jetI is a tangent.

4. A runner for a free jet hydraulic impulse turbine comprising a body showing in radial section a sharp outer edge'and a concave face extending inward from said edge at each .side thereof, buckets fitting on these faces, the pitch of the buckets being as a maximum equal to the diameter of the full jet of water, this pitch being measured on a circle about the axis of the ruimer to which circle the centre line of the jet is a tangent.

5. A runner for a free jet hydraulic impulse turbine, comprising a body formed as a solid of revolution having an outer edge and a side curving radially inward and away from the plane of the said edge,.so aS to show in radial section a concave face, buckets formed as oval bowls` fitting on this face and extending laterally therefrom, the buckets being so located circumferentially that the bottom of the bowl of any one bucket lies within the mouth of the bowl of the next bucket.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature PAUL WERNER SEEl/VER. 

